Wind Power Station - An Overview
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The launch of the Lamma wind power station represents a new chapter in Hong Kong’s electricity supply history. Wind power can now be harnessed on a commercial scale to supply electricity to local businesses and residents.
This station occupies a land area of 2,500 square metres at the hilltop of Tai Ling.
HEC hopes to achieve three major objectives through this project:
- explore wind power as a potential supplement to fossil fuels for power generation in Hong Kong
- gain local knowledge and experience in the planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance of wind turbines in order to possibly widen their application in Hong Kong
- promote public awareness of the benefits and limitations of wind turbines for power generation in Hong Kong
The wind turbine is grid-connected and monitored from HEC’s control room at the Lamma Power Station.
Site Selection and Wind Turbine Capacity
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There are many factors to consider when choosing a site for a wind turbine in Hong Kong, including availability of land and wind resources, proximity to existing transmission network, road access, its impact on indigenous wildlife, nearby residents and visual appeal.
Why Tai Ling, Lamma?
- Average wind potential of around 200 W/m2 (watts per square metre) and wind speed of 5.5 m/s — sufficient for electricity generation
- Close to existing power grid
- Readily accessible by road, making maintenance and transporting equipment convenient
- No impact on nearby ecosystem
- Moderate height restriction
How was the capacity of the wind turbine determined?
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Wind speed is very important to the operation of a wind turbine, and wind speed increases with altitude. By increasing the height of the tower, we can expose the rotor to stronger, smoother wind. We can also employ larger rotors, which produce more electricity. However, there is a height restriction of 165 mPD (metres above Principal Datum) for the wind turbine site in Tai Ling, imposed by the Hong Kong Civil Aviation Department. Since the wind turbine has been erected on a hilltop at 92 mPD, the total height of the wind turbine, including the tower and rotor, is set at 71 m, meaning that the highest point of the wind turbine is at 163 mPD.
Tai Ling Site
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| Site | Height(m) |
|---|---|
| Golden Bauhinia | 16m |
| Tian Tan Big Buddha | 26m |
| Tsim Sha Tsui Clock Tower | 45m |
| Lamma Wind Turbine (800 kW) | |
| Tower Height | 46m |
| Total Height of Tower and Rotor | 71 |
Project Milestones
The construction of the wind power station took nearly five years, from the beginning of a wind monitoring study to final service commissioning. During the course of the project, HK Electric overcame a number of challenges, including the limited choice of suitable sites, height restrictions, environmental concerns, technical difficulties, and problems relating to transporting equipment due to the rugged topography of Tai Ling.
| Date | Milestones |
|---|---|
| April 2001 | A year-long wind monitoring study begins |
| April 2003 | Site evaluations and selection are carried out |
| March 2004 | Environmental impact assessment confirms that Tai Ling is the most desirable location for a wind turbine |
| November 2004 | HK Electric receives the environmental permit from the government |
| February 2005 | Site formation and civil work begins on the site |
| August 2005 | Equipment arrives from Germany |
| September 2005 | Equipment is transported to the top of Tai Ling. Due to the steep slopes and narrow path, the 50-ton tower is divided into three sections for easier transport and on-site assembly |
| October 2005 | Functional testing, construction of exhibition centre, road works and landscaping |
| February 2006 | Commissioning of wind power station |
Technical Data
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| Technical Data for Lamma Wind Turbine | |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Nordex, Germany |
| Model | N50 |
| Rated Capacity | 800 kW |
| Rotor Diameter | 50 m |
| Tower Height | 46 m |
| Cut-in Wind Speed | 3 m/s |
| Rated Power Speed | 14 m/s |
| Cut-out Wind Speed | 25 m/s |
| Rotor Speed | 15 / 24 rpm |
| Total Weight | 80 tonnes |
Major Components
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| Component | Function |
|---|---|
| 1 Gear box | Gears up the rotational speed of the rotor |
| 2 Pivoting Blade Tips | Acts as an aerodynamic brake. When wind speeds of 25 m/s or over are detected, the pivoting blade tips will slow down the wind turbine, and then the hydraulic disk brake will be applied to bring the turbine to a complete stop to protect it |
| 3 Yaw drive | Turns the turbine assembly to keep the rotor facing into the wind as wind direction changes |
| 4 Red colour bands and aviation warning light | Red colour bands on the blade tips and the aviation warning light installed on the top of the nacelle help ensure aircraft safety |
| 5 Blades | Capture the wind and rotate the shaft |
| 6 Tower | Supports the wind turbine, houses the control panels and cables, and provides access to the nacelle for maintenance |
| 7 Nacelle | Contains the gearbox and the generator |
| 8 Generator | Generates electricity by electromagnetic induction as copper coils spin inside huge magnets |
| 9 Wind Vane | Measures wind direction and communicates with the yaw drive to orient the turbine properly with respect to the wind |
| 10 Anemometer | Measures wind speed and transmits wind speed data to the controller |
| 11 Disc Brake | Hydraulic brake that stops the rotor |
Project benefits:
- Supplies "green electricity" with no depletion of natural resources
- Helps reduce the amount of coal burned for energy by about 350 tonnes annually
- Contributes to the future development of renewable energy in Hong Kong
- Provides invaluable practical experience in the construction and operation of wind turbines, and may help Hong Kong expand its use of renewable energy in the future
- Raises public awareness of renewable energy
- Exhibition centre aims to promote renewable energy and environmental protection
- Creates a new landmark for Lamma Island
- This is the first wind power station in Hong Kong and is expected to attract thousands of visitors every year.
In Harmony with Lamma
HK Electric aims to maintain a harmonious relationship with the environment where it operates. Lamma Island, home to our power station and wind power station, is one of them.
Our wind turbine has been carefully color-coordinated to blend into the local environment. It not only serves a functional purpose, but has also become a unique landmark for Lamma that will attract more visitors and enhance the ecotourism value of the island.
HK Electric’s other initiatives on Lamma Island include Lamma Fund, tree planting, greening and landscaping.
Greening and landscaping
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We helped blend the Lamma Power Station into its surroundings with trees and shrubs, rubble mound seawalls and underground transmission cables.
Lamma Fund
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We set up this special community trust to establish and improve community facilities on Lamma Island, as well as to promote the conservation and ecology of the island.
Enhancing the Natural Environment
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HK Electric has been in support of various greenery activities on Lamma Island including tree planting and developing eco-routes. Between 2005 and 2008, HK Electric and The Conservancy Association completed the “Green Lamma Green” programme, planting 2,000 trees and developing three eco-trails to promote eco-tourism on the island.
http://www.heh.com/hehWeb/AboutUs/RenewableEnergy/ExhibitionCentre/LammaWinds_en.htm
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